A World's Fair in Italy: Turin 1911

Place: Roma, Rome

Name:	Roma
Place type:	city
Description:	Rome became the focus of hopes of Italian reunification when the rest of Italy was reunited under the Kingdom of Italy with a temporary capital at Florence. In 1861, Rome was declared the capital of Italy even though it was still under the control of the Pope. During the 1860s, the last vestiges of the Papal States were under the French protection Napoleon III. And it was only when this was lifted in 1870, owing to the outbreak of the Franco-Prussian War, that Italian troops were able to capture Rome entering the city through a breach near Porta Pia. Afterwards, Pope Pius IX declared himself as prisoner in the Vatican, and in 1871 the capital of Italy was moved from Florence to Rome. Rome is the current capital of Italy.
People:	Barracco, Giovanni Giovanni Barracco was an Italian politician and a classical antiquity collector. He served in important administrative and political posts in Rome (deputy 1861-1876, 1880-1886; senator since 1886) and in 1902 he donated a collection of Roman precious sculptures to the city. Since 1948, the art works of his collection (including Egyptian, Roman, Greek, Cypriot sculptures and general antiquity) are located in the Museum Piccola Farnesina at Baullari (Rome). Calderini, Guglielmo Guglielmo Calderini studied engineering at the University of Turin and received a diploma in architectural engineering from the University of Rome, before working in Perugia for nine years. Calderini held a professorial appointment in architecture and art history at the Accademia di belle arti Pietro Vannucci in Perugia from 1868 to 1880, and in 1881 he became professor of architecture at the University of Pisa. From 1891 to 1912 he served as professor of architecture and the Scuola superiore di ingegneria in Rome. Throughout his career, Calderini frequently entered competitions for civic works, demonstrating sensitivity to the integration of historic and contemporary elements in both design and building techniques. Among his realized projects are the college of Nocera Umbra (1879), and the completion of the façade of Savona's 16th-century cathedral (1880-86). His project won the bid for the Palazzo delle Belle Arti in Turin (begun 1880; destroyed during World War II); he also completed the Palazzo di Giustizia in Rome (the so called Palazzaccio, 1888-1910) and the Palazzo Comunale in Messina (begun 1910). His numerous, handsomely executed, competition designs chronicle the exuberant revivalist spirit of the new Kingdom of Italy. Calderini participated in numerous expositions: he won a gold medal at the exposition of Vienna in 1867 and received a prize at the 1880 exposition in Turin. In the Paris 1900 Exposition , he won an honorary diploma. He participated in the Exposition of Turin 1911 with the design of the Pavilion of Postal and Telegraph Ministry. He was a prolific art historian, with numerous publications in his name, including: Michelangelo Buonarroti e l’architettura moderna (1875); Il campanile di San Marco ed i 72 giorni di Luca Beltrami (1903) and Il padiglione regionale dell’Umbria per le feste commemorative del 1911 in Roma. De Carolis, Adolfo Adolfo de Carolis (also, Karolis) studied at the Academy of Fine Art in Bologna, from which he graduated in 1892. He worked as a painter (especially murals), interior designer, decorator, xylographer (wood engraver), illustrator and photographer. In 1892 he was awarded a scholarship to attend courses in decorative painting at the "Museo Artistico Industriale" in Rome, where he became a follower of the British Pre-Raphaelite movement and one of the most popular representiatives of the Art Nouveau (Liberty) style in Italy. He created murals for the Villa Brancadoro in San Benedetto del Tronto, the ballroom of the Palazzo della Provincia in Ascoli Piceno, the Consiglio Provinciale in Arezzo, and the great hall of the Palazzo del Podestà in Bologna. He designed the Baptismal Font at the Cathedral of Ajaccio (Corsica) and supervised the restoration of the Borgia apartments in the Vatican. He is also known for his stained glass and mosaics at the Villa Puccini in Torre del Lago. He is probably most known, today, for his illustrations of books by Giosue' Carducci, Gabriele D'Annunzio and Giovanni Pascoli. In his later years, he also designed all kinds of ephemera such as bookplates, woodcuts, theatrical sets, posters, calendars, postcards, advertisements, commercial labels, and certificates. In 1901, he was granted a chaired position at the Accademia delle Belle Arti in Florence. In 1909 he was appointed Knight of the Order of tthe Crown of Italy. In 1915-17, he taught at the Accademia delle Belle Arti of Brera and in 1922 he accepted a teaching post at the Accademia delle Belle Arti in Rome. He died prematurely in Rome at the age of 54, on the 7th of February 1928. The Adolfo De Carolis rooms at the ‘Polo Museale di San Francesco’ Museum in Montefiore displays five hundred of his finest works of art. Selected References: A.M. Comanducci. Dizionario illustrato dei pittori, disegnatori, e incisori italiani moderni e contemporanei. Vol. 2. Milano: Leonilde M. Patuzzi, 1962. 558-59. Luigi Servolini, Dizionario illustrato degli incisori italiani moderni e contemporanei. Milan: G. Görlich, 1995. 251-54. Ferrero di Cambiano, Cesare Born in the aristocratic Ferrero di Cavallerleone family, but adopted by Marchioness Adele Ripa Brunone Turinetti di Cambiano in 1874, Cesare subsequently obtained the title of Marquis and took his adopted mother’s last name. In 1869, he graduated with a degree in jurisprudence. He later obtained a degree in letters and philosophy. While fostering his passion for history, letters and science by contributing to the journal Rivista, he pursued a career in finance and politics. A liberal conservative, he was close to Sidney Sonnino, the 19th prime minister of Italy. As a politician, he held numerous posts, including city councilor and mayor of the city of Moncalieri. He served as undersecretary of the Treasury in the second Pelloux government (1899-1900) and undersecretary of Public Works in the Sonnino government (February 8 - May 29, 1906); he also became an Italian senator in 1914, and in 1924 he was appointed Minister of State. As financier, he promoted the development of the national savings banks and he was vice-president (1895-1906) and later president of the Cassa di risparmio di Torino (1906-1919). In 1911 he became president of the Associazione delle casse di risparmio italiane and in 1913 of the Istituto nazionale di credito per la cooperazione (which would later become the Banca nazionale del lavoro). A passionate interventionist, he advocated in favor of Italy’s involvement in World War I, and later gave his support to the Fascist party. A historian of the Italian Risorgimento, he founded the Turin branch of the Società nazionale per la storia del Risorgimento (1907) and was among the creators of the journal Il Risorgimento italiano.